In May 2023, the Global Shelter Cluster’s Recovery Community of Practice held an online Learning Event bringing together evaluation specialists with shelter practitioners to explore the WHY, WHAT, HOW, WHO and WHEN of understanding and measuring the impacts of shelter assistance. The event invited a series of presentations by experts and practitioners to discuss what the challenges and possibilities are around improving the use and understanding of evaluating impact in the shelter and settlements sector, and how evidence could subsequently be used. This event explored what evidence is needed and for what purpose, as well as how it is utilised and who should be involved, and if this could strengthen the implementation of shelter support to populations in need. This report draws on the presentations made during the Learning Event itself, the contributions from event participants, as well as additional contributions and interviews.